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page 208
Structure
hardly ever
neither
never
no sooner than
nor
not often
not once
not only. . as well
not only. .. but also
not until
nowhere
on no account
only (when followed by an adverbial)
only by
only in this way
only then
rarely
scarcely
scarcely . . when
seldom
so
under no circumstances
Examples
Mary not only works at the post office, but she also works at the grocery store
Not only does Mary work at the post office, but she also works at the grocery store.
Max never bought another motorcycle again
Never again did Max buy another motorcycle
Mark won't like that bread, and he won't like that cheese
Mark won't like that bread nor will he like that cheese
Exercise S32
Identifying words and phrases that cause a change in word order
Underline the word or phrase in each sentence that causes a change in word order!
Example : Seldom does Amanda buy a newspaper
You should underline "seldom" because it has a negative meaning, which causes
a change in word order when it comes at the beginning of a sentence or before an
independent clause
1. Rarely are people given permission to return to homes contaminated during a toxic
waste accident.
2. On no account should front seat passengers travel without wearing seat belts
3. Only if an individual is a natural-born United States citizen can he or she be elected president.
4. Not until the early nineteenth century was the modern notion of the atom formulated.
5. Not only was Michelangelo an artist and architect, but a poet as well.
6. No sooner had the Tower of Pisa been completed than its lean became obvious.
page 207
PRACTICE WITH SUBJECT/AUX-WORD INVERSIONS
The order of the subject and the auxiliary word (aux-word) or verb can be changed for
various reasons. Ask yourself these questions when checking changes in word order
1. Has the word order been changed to make a question?
(A) In a statement, the subject is followed by the verb.
S AUX V
She has seen the Grand Canyon
The boxes are on the table
(B) In a question, the subject follows the aux-word or verb.
AUX S V
Have you seen the Grand Canyon?
Where are the boxes?
(C) An aux-word is used in a question except when the main verb is "be." An aux-word
can be understood or used in a statement
Do you live in a small town? (“Do" is the aux-word.)
I live in a small town. "Do" is understood.)
I do live in a small town. "Do" can be used in statements for emphasis.)
2. Has the word order been changed to avoid repetition?
Examples
Jane works at Spencer Motors, and Bill works at Spencer Motors
Jane works at Spencer Motors and so does Bill
Jane isn't working on Saturday, and Bill isn't working on Saturday
Jane isn't working on Saturday and neither is Bill
3. Has the word order been changed because the statement begins
with a prepositional phrase of location?
Example
Austin, Texas, lies at the edge of the Hill Country
At the edge of the Hill Country lies Austin, Texas
4. Has the word order been changed because the conditional "if"
has been omitted?
If I had gone to the post office, I would have bought stamps.
Had I gone to the post office, I would have bought stamps.
5. Has the word order been changed because the statement begins
with a negative word or phrase?
The words and phrases in the box on the next page are followed by a change in word
order when they begin a sentence or an independent clause
page 208
hardly ever
neither
never
no sooner than
nor
not often
not once
not only. . as well
not only. .. but also
not until
nowhere
on no account
only (when followed by an adverbial)
only by
only in this way
only then
rarely
scarcely
scarcely . . when
seldom
so
under no circumstances
Examples
Mary not only works at the post office, but she also works at the grocery store
Not only does Mary work at the post office, but she also works at the grocery store.
Max never bought another motorcycle again
Never again did Max buy another motorcycle
Mark won't like that bread, and he won't like that cheese
Mark won't like that bread nor will he like that cheese
Exercise S32
Identifying words and phrases that cause a change in word order
Underline the word or phrase in each sentence that causes a change in word order!
Example : Seldom does Amanda buy a newspaper
You should underline "seldom" because it has a negative meaning, which causes
a change in word order when it comes at the beginning of a sentence or before an
independent clause
1. Rarely are people given permission to return to homes contaminated during a toxic
waste accident.
2. On no account should front seat passengers travel without wearing seat belts
3. Only if an individual is a natural-born United States citizen can he or she be elected president.
4. Not until the early nineteenth century was the modern notion of the atom formulated.
5. Not only was Michelangelo an artist and architect, but a poet as well.
6. No sooner had the Tower of Pisa been completed than its lean became obvious.
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